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"Problems of Pitch Organization in Stravinsky". Music in Transition: A Study of Tonal Expansion and Atonality, 1900–1920.

"A Tonal Analog: The Tone-Centered Music of George Perle". cited in Swift, Richard (Autumn 1982 – Summer 1983).

^ Kostka, Stefan Payne, Dorothy (2004).

^ Benward, Bruce Saker, Marilyn (2009).

The tonic includes four separate activities or roles as the principal goal tone, initiating event, generator of other tones, and the stable center neutralizing the tension between dominant and subdominant. According to Walter Piston, "the idea of a unified classical tonality replaced by nonclassical (in this case nondominant) centricity in a composition is perfectly demonstrated by Debussy's Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune". The term pitch centricity was coined by Arthur Berger in his "Problems of Pitch Organization in Stravinsky".

The term tonic may be reserved exclusively for use in tonal contexts while tonal center and/or pitch center may be used in post-tonal and atonal music: "For purposes of non-tonal centric music, it might be a good idea to have the term 'tone center' refer to the more general class of which 'tonics' (or tone centers in tonal contexts) could be regarded as a subclass." Thus, a pitch center may function referentially or contextually in an atonal context, often acting as an axis or line of symmetry in an interval cycle. Problems playing this file? See media help.

In very much conventionally tonal music, harmonic analysis will reveal a broad prevalence of the primary (often triadic) harmonies: tonic, dominant, and subdominant (i.e., I and its chief auxiliaries a 5th removed), and especially the first two of these. In Roman numeral analysis, the tonic chord is typically symbolized by the Roman numeral "I" if it is major and by "i" if it is minor. The triad formed on the tonic note, the tonic chord, is thus the most significant chord in these styles of music. Scales are named after their tonics: for instance, the tonic of the C major scale is the note C. More generally, the tonic is the note upon which all other notes of a piece are hierarchically referenced. In the movable do solfège system, the tonic note is sung as do. In music, the tonic is the first scale degree ( ) of the diatonic scale (the first note of a scale) and the tonal center or final resolution tone that is commonly used in the final cadence in tonal (musical key-based) classical music, popular music, and traditional music. Scale and tonic triad in C major (top) and C minor (bottom).